Application of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic reservoir model to Lake Erie

نویسندگان

  • L. Boegman
  • M. R. Loewen
چکیده

The relative impacts of changes in nutrient loading and zebra mussel establishment on plankton in large lakes are strongly influenced by hydrodynamics, yet adequately modelling the temporal–spatial complexity of physical and biological processes has been difficult. We adapted a two-dimensional public domain model, CE-QUAL-W2, to test whether it could provide a hydrodynamically accurate simulation of the seasonal variation in the vertical–longitudinal thermal structure of Lake Erie. The physical forcing for the model is derived from surface meteorological buoys and measurements of precipitation, inflows, and outflows. To calibrate and validate the model, predictions were compared with an extensive set of field data collected during May through September 1994. The model accurately predicted water-level fluctuations without adjustment. However, significant modifications to the eddy coefficient turbulence algorithm were required to simulate acceptable longitudinal currents. The thermal structure was accurately predicted in all three basins, even though this laterally averaged model cannot simulate Coriolis effects. We are currently extending the model’s water-quality module to include the effects of nutrient loading and zebra mussels on the plankton. Résumé : Les impacts relatifs des changements dans la charge de nutriments et de l’établissement de Moules zébrées sur le plancton dans des lacs de grande taille sont grandement influencés par les facteurs hydrodynamiques; cependant la modélisation de la complexité spatiotemporelle des processus physiques et biologiques s’est avérée difficile. Nous avons adapté le modèle bidimensionnel CE-QUAL-W2 du domaine public pour évaluer s’il pouvait fournir une simulation hydrodynamique fidèle de la variation saisonnière de la structure thermique verticale et horizontale du lac Érié. Le forçage physique du modèle s’est fait à partir de données provenant des bouées météorologiques de surface et des mesures de précipitations, d’entrées et de sorties d’eau. Des comparaisons des prédictions du modèle avec une vaste série d’observations de terrain de mai à septembre 1994 ont permis de calibrer et de valider le modèle. Le modèle prédit précisément, et sans nécessité d’ajustement, les fluctuations des niveaux d’eau. Des modifications importantes de l’algorithme du coefficient de turbulence tourbillonnaire ont cependant été nécessaires pour générer des courants longitudinaux acceptables. Le modèle a prédit correctement la structure thermique dans les trois bassins, bien que ce modèle (basé sur des moyennes latérales) soit incapable de simuler les effets des forces de Coriolis. Nous sommes présentement à élargir le module de qualité des eaux du modèle pour y inclure les effets de la charge de nutriments et de la présence de Moules zébrées sur le plancton. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Boegman et al. 869

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تاریخ انتشار 2016